The IEC 61499 Standard defines an open architecture for the next generation of distributed control and automation.
This architecture represents a light-weight component solution that provides essential features such as encapsulation of semantics from a particular platform, portability, reconfiguration and a holistic view on distributed applications. As the standard is designed for the development of distributed systems, it further supports features like reusability and interoperability.
The IEC 61499 Standard provides a generic model for distributed systems. This model includes processes and communication networks as an environment for embedded devices, resources and applications.
Applications are built by networks of Function Blocks. The Function Block is the elementary model of the IEC 61499 Standard. A Function Block generally provides an Interface for Event I/O’s and Data I/O’s.
There are two types of Function Blocks. Basic Function Blocks on the one hand and Composite Function Blocks on the other. A Composite Function Block can contain other Composite Function Blocks and/or Basic Function Blocks. Thus, Composite Function Blocks enable modular design methodologies.
Basic Function Blocks include event-driven Execution Control Charts (abbr. ECC), which are similar to state machines. The elements of the ECC are states and event-triggered transitions. An ECC can trigger the execution of Algorithms by the occurrence of events.
An executed algorithm produces new output data from the input data. When the algorithm has finished, an output event is generated. But Output events can also be emitted without the execution of algorithms. Output events might be the input events for other Function Blocks.
IEC 61499 provides:
Generic modeling approach for distributed control applications
IEC 61499功能块能实现这种完全的分散式IPMCS,其关键在于採用软体组件(software component)技术设计功能块。组件是独立于特定程式设计语言和套用系统、可重用和自包含的软体成分。组件技术是基于面向对象的、支持拖放(drog and drop)和即插即用(plug and play)的软体开发概念。基于组件技术的开发方法,具有开放型、易升级、易维护等优点。主要有CORBA、COM和JavaBeans[2]三种组件技术规範,具体实现时可自由选择。IEC 61499功能块是健壮的、可重用的软体组件,一个功能块提供对特定问题的解决方法,例如对阀的控制,或控制工厂的主体单元(如整条生产线)。系统设计者构建分散式控制系统时,根据控制功能需要选择特定功能块,并按照IEC 61499标準将它们进行软体互连,设计灵活,且系统可伸缩、可变形。可预见将来的工业控制器和仪表可把功能块作为设备固件的一部分,或从功能块库里选择下载,而系统设计将成为功能块选择、组态和互连的简单工作。