《2010考研英语阅读理解标準90篇+提高30篇》上一版第17单元命中2009年1月考研英语阅读理解PartA-篇文章。语境辞彙：重点大纲辞彙，一一释义列出，常考超纲辞彙让您熟悉积累；难句突破：较长较难句子，一一给您，分析句子结构，点拨语法难点；题眼点睛：部分典型题目，点出设题题眼，透视设题规律，清晰做题思路；全文翻译：题目解析同时，给出全文翻译，划线题目出处，细节深层理解。双重大礼：一重礼：考前名师，讲课音频；二重礼：考前热点，押题作文。

Unit 4

Part A

Directions: Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D].

Text 1
The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications.① Much of the “how to” material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.
There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself.② On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers.③ Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing.④ Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.⑤

1.implication n.①含意，暗示，暗指②捲入，牵连：have grave implications for unemployment 严重关係到失业问题/the implication behind the headline大标题的言外之意
2.context n.①上下文，语境②背景，环境：be apart from the context脱离上下文/in the context of在…情况下
○派 contextual a.文脉上的，前后关係的：contextual clues上下文提供的线索
3.systematic a.系统的，体系的：systematic study系统的研究
○同 systematically ad.系统地
4.generalized a.普遍的，一般化的：harbor a generalized resentment against society对社会怀有普遍的怨恨
○同 generalization n.一般化，普遍化
○同 generalize v.概括，归纳，推广：generalize the use of a new insecticide推广使用新杀虫剂/generalize a conclusion from the facts从事实中归纳出结论
○同 general a.①一般的，普通的②总的③大体的n.将军：as a general rule一般而言，通常/meet with general approval获得大家的同意/a general grasp of the subject大致掌握这门学科
5.empirical a.凭经验的，经验主义的，经验的：the empirical method经验主义方法/empirical results 经验性结论
6.plentiful a.丰富的，充足的，大量的：a plentiful harvest丰收/a plentiful supply of food丰富的食物供应
7.acquaintance n.①相识的人，熟人②认识，相识，了解：man of wide acquaintance 交友广泛的人
○同 acquaint vt.(with)使认识，使了解，使熟悉：acquaint oneself with 知悉，了解
8.diagnosis n.诊断：form a correct diagnosis on a disease确诊
○同 diagnose vt.诊断，判断：diagnose the tumour as benign诊断该肿瘤为良性
9.virtue n.①美德，德行②优点，长处：the virtue of patience耐心的美德/have the virtue of具有…长处(优点)/by virtue of 由于
○同 virtual a.实质上的，事实上的，实际上的：a virtual defeat实质上的失败/the virtual ruler of the country实际上的国家统治者
10.thoughtful a.①沉思的，思考的②体贴的，关心的：a thoughtful look沉思的表情/be thoughtful for one’s friends关心朋友
○同 thought n.①想法，见解②思考，思维③关心，注意：control public thought控制公众的思想/deep in thought陷入沉思中
11.indicate vt.①标示，指示，指出②表明，示意：indicate a difference(between ... )指出…间的区别/indicate the time指示着时间
○派 indication n.①指示，表示②象徵，迹象：give an indication of a change表示变化/show indications of decline有衰落的迹象
○派 indicative a.①[+of]标示的，指示的，象徵的②陈述的，直陈的n.陈述语气：be indicative of ...表明…
12.mass media 大众媒体

1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that
[A] generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism.
[B] importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing.
[C] concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing.
[D] personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews.
2.Much research has been done on interviews in general
[A] so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened.
[B] though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn’t received much attention.
[C] but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected.
[D] and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing.
3.Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview,
[A] but most of them wish to stay away from it.
[B] and many of them hope to be interviewed some day.
[C] and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it.
[D] but most of them may not have been interviewed in person.
4.The word “empirical”(Sentence 2,Para.2) most probably means
[A] hypothetical [B] practical
[C] reciprocal [D] hysterical
5.The passage is most likely
[A] a part of a news article.
[B] a part of a journalistic interview.
[C] a part of a research report.
[D] a part of a preface to a book.

难 句 突 破
1.Most of these books, [as well as several chapters], (mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts), stress the “how to” aspects (of journalistic interviewing)
[rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications].
複杂的简单句。主语为Most of these books，谓语动词为stress，宾语为the “how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing；前半句中mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts 是主语的后置定语，其中in 与 but not limited to 在结构上是并列的，他们共同的宾语是journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts。
2.There is, as has been suggested, (a growing body of) research literature (in journalism and broadcasting), but (very little significant) attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself.
并列句。连词but 连线了两个并列的句子，形成转折关係；前一个句子是“there be ”句型，其中“as has been suggested ”为插入语；后一个句子为被动语态。此处的“growing body”指的是“数量越来越多的”，“body”此处的含义为“大量”。
3．[On the other hand], (many general) texts as well as numerous research articles present the (theoretical and empirical) aspects (of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers).
複杂的简单句。其中的主语部分为many general texts as well as research articles，谓语动词为present，宾语为the theoretical and empirical aspects ...，其中the training of the interviewers 与 interview 形成并列关係，共同成为 aspects 的定语。
4.[First], it seems likely that most people (in modern Western societies) are more familiar, [at least in a positive manner], with journalistic interviewing [than with any other form of interviewing].
複合句。本句的主干为it seems likely that...；it是本句的形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。该从句是一个比较级结构，其主语为most people；at least in a positive manner为方式状语，修饰形容词familiar。
5.[Even so], true understanding (of the journalistic interview), especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, [as this book indicates].
複合句。句子主干为true understanding...requires analyses and study；主语为true understanding，后面的of 介词短语作主语的定语；as this book indicates属于方式状语从句。

1.选[B]，主旨大意题。第一句指出许多关于访谈这个话题的书都强调了访谈在新闻和广播工作者的工作中占有重要地位。最后一句指出，对新闻职业实践进行系统的研究能够为人们形成许多关于新闻访谈的一般原则提供一定的依据，只是在说明系统研究的重要性，[A]中“新闻採访的一般原则是新闻工作者最关心的问题”与此所讲的重心不同，故错误；第二句话中指出，大部分新闻广播行业的手册只强调了新闻採访“如何进行”这一方面，却未关注新闻採访的概念、背景及寓意，说明作者对这一做法持反对态度，与选项[C]的含义“概念以及背景寓意在新闻採访中占次要地位”相反；第三句中作者指出，许多关于“如何进行採访”的文章都是基于个人的经验和印象写出的，而对新闻学需要进行“systematic study”，暗示了单凭个人经验写出的文章不具有说服力，但并没有完全否定personal experiences and general impressions，而选项[D] 以偏概全，对其进行全盘否定，故错误；选项[B]中说明应当重视对新闻访谈的系统研究，与第一段最后两句的含义正好吻合，故选[B]。
2.选[C]，事实细节题。第二段的第一句指出，儘管许多研究新闻和广播的作品越来越多，但对新闻访谈本身的研究却很少，因此选项[C]符合题意。而[A]中访谈者的培训因此得以加强在文中并未提及，只是说许多文章present the theoretical and empirical aspects of ... the training of the interviewers,未提及其结果，故错误；[B]中所指的“interviewing techniques” 与文中的“‘how to’ aspects” 意思相同，文中称大部分书都谈到了“‘how to’ aspects”，而[B]与文意相反，故错误；选项[D] 篡改了原文的意思，原文中指出越来越多的是“body of literature in journalism and broadcasting”，而不是对新闻访谈的研究，故[D]错误。
3.选[D]，事实细节题。第二段中提到，西方人对新闻访谈比较熟悉，但是“very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media”，由此可以看出[D]项意思与此完全相同。[A]与[B]在文中均未提及；人们是否希望真正了解新闻访谈，文中亦没有提及，只提到如要真正了解新闻访谈，需要仔细地分析与研究，故[C] “很多人希望真正了解新闻访谈”不正确。
4.选[B]，语义理解题。从句中来看，“...articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview”，empirical 一词是与theoretical 一词处于并列地位的。一般情况下，由连词and 连线的两个名词要幺意思相近，要幺意思相反。从本句的意思来看，是讲很多文章都涉及到访谈的各个方面了，惟独忽视了访谈本身，由此可以推测empirical 与theoretical 应该是访谈的两个不同方面，故意思不应相似，而是与theoretical相反的意思，故答案[B]“实践的”符合题意。[A]“假设的”；[C]“互惠的”；[D]“歇斯底里的”。
5.选[D]，推理判断题。从第二段的最后一句话来看，结尾这句插入语“as this book indicates”有些突然，因为上文中通篇未提及是哪本书，由此可以判断这篇文章应该是一本书的序言。同时，文章的内容虽然是关于新闻访谈的，本身形式却不是新闻报导：没有任何对话形式，没有被访问的对象，故亦不是新闻访谈，所以[A]和[B]均不符合题意；文章中作者在进行论证自己的观点时并未提出任何确凿的数据和事实，不符合研究报告的形式，故[C] 不正确。

Text 2
Dreams are said to be the window to the mind. Through the study of dreams, we can catch glimpses into what our subconscious minds are thinking, or what is troubling us at our deepest levels.① No all dreams are the same, however, either in content or in meaning. In this respect, the study of bad dreams, nightmares, can yield interesting observations in regard to the mind and status of the dreamer. Indeed, nightmares appear to have been the subject of far more studies than more pleasant dreams, if for no other reason than while pleasant dreams are easily forgotten upon awakening, nightmares tend to linger in our minds is sufficient to demand attention.②
The sources of our dreams are most commonly attributed to factors in our waking lives. Whether it be emotional challenges, stress in the workplace, relationship problems or a myriad of other possible factors, the thoughts and feelings created in our waking environments are believed to directly influence the content of our dreams. A particular dramatic or traumatic experience during the day would no doubt be encountered again in some form or another during the night.
Just as important as actual events in the determination of the content of our dreams are the pre-existing beliefs that we hold. If we encounter some kind of phenomena in our dreams, it is very likely that we already believed in the possibility of the phenomena before the dream.③ For example, if someone dreams of being abducted by aliens, it’s very likely that, before the dream, he already believed in the existence of aliens. To the extent that dreams are direct reflections of our minds, they will reflect accurately what we believe and hold to be true.
The way that we act in dreams bears consideration as well. Often times, our behavior in our dreams reflects hidden desires for that type of behavior in our waking lives. Someone who dreams of revenge may actually desire revenge in real life, and likewise someone who dreams of adventure night after night may be experiencing his mind playing out a desire for more excitement in his everyday life.④
While the items encountered in our dreams are of great importance in the analysis of dreams, it must be recognized and understood that the same item in two different dreams can easily have entirely different meanings for the two dreamers.⑤ For example, a horse in the dreams of an avid equestrian can signify comfort and relaxation, whereas the same horse in the dreams of a hunter can represent excitement and challenge.

1.glimpse n. 一瞥，一看v. 一瞥，一看：catch a glimpse of 瞥见，看一看
2.yield v.①生产②屈服n.产量，收益：yield crops出产庄稼/yield to sb.(sth.)对某人(物)屈服/commercial yield工业产量
3.observation n.①注意，观察②言论，评论③[常pl.]观察资料，观察数据：come(fall)under sb’s observation被某人注意到/first-hand observations第一手的观察资料
○同 observe vt.①注意到，察觉到②观察③遵守，奉行：observe the behavior of birds观察鸟类的行为/strictly observe the school disciplines严格遵守学校纪律
4.status n.①状况②地位，身份：a status report on foreign affairs一份有关外交形势的报告/ degrade one’s status降低身份
5.subject n.①主题，题目②学科，科目③(试验等的)对象a.[+to]①受…支配的，取决于…的：wander from the subject离题/compulsory subjects必修科目/be subject to the law 受法律管辖的
6.linger vi.①(因不愿离开而)继续逗留，留恋徘徊②(on)继续存留，缓慢消失:linger about 徘徊/ winter lingers 冬季迟迟不去
7.sufficient a.足够的，充分的:be sufficient to feed a hundred person 足够供100人吃饱
○同 suffice vi.足够：No word will suffice to convey his grief. 他的悲伤是无法用任何言辞表达的。
8.attribute v.把…归因于，把(过错、责任等)归于n.属性，特性：attribute sb’s success to hard work把某人的成功归功于努力工作/the most important attributes in a teacher当教师最重要的品性
9.challenge n.挑战vt.①反对，公然反抗②向…挑战：a challenge to ... 对…的挑战或公然反抗/challenge sb’s right to vote对投票权表示异议/challenge sb. to a contest提出挑战要求比赛
10.reflection n.①反映，表达②深思，考虑，反省③倒影，映像：a reflection of the reality现实的反映/do sth. without sufficient reflection未经深思熟虑做某事/quiet reflection静思/the reflection of a sound wave声波的反射
○同 reflect v.①反映②反射，映现③深思，反省：reflect the opinions of the children反映了儿童们的看法/reflect one’s intelligence显示出某人的智慧/reflect for a moment思考一会儿
11.revenge n.报仇，复仇v.替…报仇：do sth. in revenge报复性地做某事/revenge one’s friend替朋友报仇
12.encounter vt. ①遇到，②遭遇n. ①意外向遇②冲突，交战：encounter an old friend in the theatre 在戏院里偶然碰到一位好朋友/ encounter difficulties 遭到困难/ my first encounter with Mary 我和玛丽的初次见面/a blood encounter 血战
13.signify v.表示，意味，要紧：signify one’s agreement by nodding点头表示同意/signify a shift in one’s foreign policy意味着改变对外政策
【超纲辞彙】
※1.subconscious a. 下意识的，潜意识的
※2.myriad n.许多
※3.traumatic a.使人不快的
※4.abduct vt.诱拐，绑架
※5.lavid a. 急切的
※6.equestrian n. 骑师

6. Nightmares are mentioned in paragraph one in order to
[A] give an introduction of our subconscious mind.
[B] give an example of one particularly vivid type of dream.
[C] provide a justification for the study of influence of dreams.
[D] compare the pleasant dreams and nightmares.
7. Based on the information provided in paragraph three, if a man dreamed of being hit by a train, it is likely that he
[A] has been hit by a train before.
[B] beliefs in the existence of trains.
[C] believes that it is possible to be hit by a train.
[D] is afraid of being hit by a train.
8.The last sentence of the text gives an example of horses encountered in dreams of two different people in order to
[A] illustrate how the same item can mean different things in different dreams.
[B] exemplify the concept that people would, no doubt, react differently to the same images in dreams.
[C] illustrate the idea that the emotions can influence the contents of dreams.
[D] Support the assertion that the meaning behind dream images is entirely subjective.
9.The main point of the text is that
[A] the study of dreams is based on logic from the waking life of the dreamer.
[B] in order to understand the meaning of dreams, we must analyze the beliefs of the dreamers.
[C] dreams can reveal much about the personality of the dreamer.
[D] the study of nightmares, while multifaceted,is a worthwhile endeavor. 10.Which of the following would the author most likely agree with?
[A] Nightmares can be good for us, if we use it properly.
[B] Those who study dreams must first study the emition of the dreamer.
[C] The study of dreams makes sense if we know what to look for.
[D] Dreamers should pay attention to their dreams to discern what those dreams reveal about themselves.

难 句 突 破
1.[Through the study of dreams], we can catch glimpses into what our subconscious minds are thinking, or what is troubling us at our deepest levels.
複合句。本句的主干结构为...we can catch glimpses into...；介词into后包含两个由what引导的宾语从句。
2.[Indeed], nightmares appear to have been the subject (of far more studies) [than more pleasant dreams], [if for no other reason than while pleasant dreams are easily forgotten upon awakening, nightmares tend to linger in our minds is sufficient to demand attention].
複合句。for 引导的介词短语中包括for no other than (that)句型，than 后面是省略了that in从句，while pleasant dreams...in our minds是从句中的主语；for no other reason than that意思是“只是因为”。
3.[If we encounter some kind of phenomena in our dreams], it is very likely that we already believed in the possibility (of the phenomena) [before the dream].
複合句。if we encounter ... in our dream是条件从句；主句中it是形式主语，that we already...before the dream是主语从句。
4.Someone (who dreams of revenge) may actually desire revenge (in real life), and likewise someone (who dreams of adventure night after night) may be experiencing his mind {playing out a desire for more excitement in his everyday life}.
并列句。本句是由and引导的并列句，即Someone...may...desire..., and...someone...may be experiencing...；句中包含两个由who引导的定语从句即who dreams of revenge和who dreams of adventure night after night，修饰两个主语someone。
5.[While the items encountered in our dreams are of great importance in the analysis of dreams], it must be recognized and understood that the same item (in two different dreams) can easily
have (entirely different) meanings [for the two dreamers].
複合句。While the items...analysis of dreams是状语从句；主句中it是形式主语，that the same item...for the two dreamers是主语从句，是真正的主语。

6.选[B]，推理判断题。本题和文章主旨有关。文章第一句便指出了本文的主题，即梦境是人的心灵之窗。进行有关对梦境的研究可以了解人们潜意识以及深层次的想法。第三句指出人的梦境不尽相同，随后提出其中的一种梦——噩梦在对人的精神和做梦人状况的研究方面都更有价值，所以此处谈到噩梦是起到举例说明的作用，故此题选[B]。本文全篇讨论的都是dream,而不是subconcious mind，因此[A]错误；第一段最后一句虽然提到“nightmares tend to linger in our minds”，但后文并未对influence展开论述，故[C]错；文中更未compare，因此[D]错。
7.选[C]，推理判断题。可以通过段落主旨来推导例子的答案。第三段指出，梦是人们对存在的事物在脑海中的反映。如果在梦中出现了某种现象，很有可能做梦前我们相信这种现象有可能存在(可参见难句突破第三句)。根据第三段的论述，应该是这个人相信这种事情的发生存在可能性，故答案选[C]。根据本段的陈述不能得出[A]这一结论；火车原本就是存在的客观事物，因此不涉及“相信火车存在”的问题，所以[B]错误；[D]强调afraid of 和possibility无关，故排除。
8. 选[A]，推理判断题，通过例证考查段落的主旨。第五段第一句指出，不同的人由于生活环境不同、精神生活以及深层面的心理活动不同，那幺出现在不同人的梦境中的同一事物也会具有不同的含义(可参见难句突破第五句)。然后作者举了一个例子论证这一观点，一匹马出现在骑手的梦中时可能意味着舒适和放鬆，但是出现在猎手的梦中时就可能代表刺激和挑战，故本题答案为[A]，这一例子是对上文的例论，因此例论的目的应体现在该段的主旨中。[B]太绝对，故错误；[C]项属于因果颠倒；作者并没有在最后一段assert“梦中形象背后的含义完全是主观的”,因此[D]错。
9.选[A]，主旨大意题。本文作者意在说明对于梦的解析的观点，即梦是人们日常生活、思想的反映。文章对梦境进行分析时，都和现实生活联繫起来，所以[A]为答案。但文章中并未提到梦境可以反映出人的性格特徵，所以[C]错误；[B]的陈述只是第三段的大意；[D]“对于噩梦的研究虽然是多方面的，但是是值得的”的範围太窄。
10.选[C]，观点态度题。本文所表达的观点是梦反映人们的现实生活以及人的精神世界，使人们洞悉潜意识的思维活动以及内心深处存在的问题，这是文章第一段就提到的分析——梦境的目的。因此，梦的解析有助于帮助一些存在心理问题的人们解决问题。科学研究是为解决实际生活中的问题服务的，所以作者最可能同意的观点是[C]“如果我们具有一定的目的，对于梦的研究便是有意义的”。[A]是对第一段内容的曲解，作者始终都设有提到噩梦是件好事，故可排除[A]；作者在文章内容中并没有表达[B]这种观点；文章并非针对做梦的人提出一些建议，故[D]被排除。

Text 3
Before the summer of 2000, the 54-year-old John Haughom could accomplish just about anything at work. “I could move mountains if I put my mind to it.” he says in those days. But that summer Haughom found he couldnt move them anymore. On the phone with his wife one morning, Haughom broke down. A couple of days later, Haughom checked himself in for a three-week stay at the Professional Renewal Center, an in-patient clinic 30 miles outside Kansas City that helps him deal with stress.①
Haughom is far from alone. A host of new studies and plenty of anecdotal evidence show that stress in the workplace is skyrocketing. Whatever the cause, stress levels are at record highs. The statistics are startling. According to a new study by the Federal Government’s National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, more than half the working people in the U.S. view job stress as a major problem in their lives. This year the European Community officially dubbed stress the secondbiggest occupational-health problem facing the continent.
Ten years ago experts warned that stress was out of control, in part because of a shaky economy. What’s notable about today’s wave of stressedout workers is that it rises all the way to the top. Lack of control is generally considered one of the biggest job stressors, so it used to be thought that middle managers carried the brunt: Sandwiched between the top and the bottom, they end up with little authority.② Powerful chief executives officers (CEOs) were seen as the least threatened by stress. But in today’s tough economy, top executives don’t have as much control as they used to. “Stress is just part of the job, fortunately or unfortunately, stress is part of our character building,” Lebenthal says. “But I think I don’t need any more character building. What I need is a vacation.”
But if you think that going on vacation is hard — and studies show that 85% of corporate executives don’t use all the time off they’re entitled to — seeking treatment for stress is even harder. Being able to handle stress is perhaps the most basic of job expectations. So among the corporate elite, succumbing to it is considered a shameful weakness. Stress has become the last affliction that people won‘t dare admit to. Most senior executives who are undergoing treatment for stress — and even many who aren’t — refused to talk on the record about the topic.③ “Nothing good can come out of having your name in a story like this.” one CEO said through his therapist.④

1.accomplish v.完成(任务)，达到(目的)，实现(计画、诺言等)：accomplish a project工程竣工/accomplish one’s purpose达到目的
○派 accomplishment n.成就，完成
2.deal v.①处理②分给，发n.交易，(尤指贸易或政治上对双方有利的)协定：deal with处理/a great deal大量/a profitable deal一笔获利的交易
3.startling a.令人吃惊的：a starling result惊人的结果
○同 startle v.惊吓，使吃惊：startle sb. out of one’s wits使人惊呆
4. federal a.联邦的，联合的，同盟的：federal government联邦政府
5.sandwich vt.夹入，挤进n.三明治，夹肉麵包：sandwich a holiday between jobs在工作任务中间安排一次假期
6.executive n.①主管，高级行政员，行政官②(政府的)行政部门a.执行的，行政的：the chief executive最高行政官/the executive committee执行委员会
7.elite n.①[总称]上层人士，掌权人物，实力集团②[总称]出类拔萃的人(或集团)，精英：the elite of the society 社会知名人士/the scientific elite 科学界的杰出人士
8.undergo v.经历，遭受(苦难等)：undergo great hardship遭受巨大的苦难
9.end up with以…告终
10.carry the brunt 首当其冲
11.put one’s mind to 专心于
12.check in 办理登记手续
13.a host of 众多，许多
【超纲辞彙】
※1.skyrocket v.暴涨，急速升高
※2.succumb vi.屈服，屈从，死
※3.affliction n.苦恼
※4.anecdotal a. 轶事的
※5.dub v.把…称为
※6.stressor n.紧张性刺激
※7.therapist n.治疗

11.What is this passage mainly about?
[A] Increasingly serious lack of vacation in people’s work.
[B] The second biggest disease in the world.
[C] The most serious problem people have to face.
[D] Serious pressure faced by working people.
12. What does the sentence “Haughom is far from alone” (Para. 2) mean?
[A] Haughom does not feel lonely though he lives by himself.
[B] There are many other people who are afflicted by stress.
[C] Haughom lives far from the workplace where he works by himself.
[D] Haughom does not feel lonely even if he stays at the Center by himself.
13.What is the European Community’s attitude toward stress?
[A] Stress is a disease that people should try to handle.
[B] Stress has great influence on working people’s lives.
[C] Stress is one of the most serious occupational problem.
[D] Stress is a major problem all the people face.
14.Why are middle managers regarded as most threatened by stress?
[A] Because they don’t have as much control as they used to.
[B] Because they are not able to handle stress.
[C] Because they have little power over the situation in the company.
[D] Because they need more character building.
15.The CEO’s statement in the last sentence of this passage implies that
[A] stress has become such a taboo that people won’t dare admit.
[B] CEOs don’t like their names appearing in story books.
[C] CEOs are afraid of being recorded.
[D] not admitting this weakness will produce something good.

难 句 突 破
1.[A couple of days later] Haughom checked himself in [for a threeweek stay at the Professional Renewal Center], {an… inpatient clinic30 miles outside Kansas City (that helps him deal with stress)}.
複合句。主句是Haughom checked himself in for... at...；逗号后是同位语，解释说明the professional Renewal Center；其中that helps him deal with stress是定语从句，修饰an inpatient clinic。
2.Lack of control is generally considered one of the biggest job stressors, [so it used to be thought that middle managers carried the brunt: Sandwiched between the top and the bottom, they end up with little authority].
多重複合句。主句是Lack of control is... stressors；其余部分是so引导的结果状语从句，该状语从句中，冒号前后各是一个小分句，语法上是并列关係，语义上看，第二个分句补充说明第一个分句；that middle managers carried the brunt是状语从句中的主语从句，因其太长，故用了it作形式主语；Sandwiched between the
top and the bottom是过去分词短语作原因状语。
3.Most senior executives (who are undergoing treatment for stress)—and even many (who arent)—refused to talk on the record about the topic.
複合句。主句是Most senior executives ... and even many ...refused to talk on the record about the topic，其中most senior executives和many是并列主语，后各有一个定语从句，who are... stress和who aren’t, 第二个定语从句省略了和前文一样的部分。
4．“Nothing good can come out of having your name in a story like this,” one CEO said [through his therapist].
複合句。该句是个直接引语作宾语从句的複合句，关键是理解引语。可结合前文提到的succumbing to it (stress)is considered a shameful weakness和难句突破3理解。

11.选[D]，主旨大意题。文章中出现频率最高的关键字应是stress和work，pressure与stress同义，故选[D]。[A]是最后一段提到的内容，无法概括全文；文中虽提到secondbiggest，但工作压力更确切地说应属于一种problem，而不是严格意义上的disease(疾病)，而且文中说工作压力在欧洲大陆(而不是全世界)成为第二大职业健康问题，排除[B]；[C]的表述the most serious problem过于绝对，且people指所有人，涵盖的範围太广，排除[C]。

12.选[B]，语义理解题。该句位于第二段开头，通常是主题句的位置，第二段用数字、调查报告、研究结果等都是为了证明还有许多其他人也在饱受压力之苦，即[B]。文章没有任何关于独立生活、孤独之类的论述，排除[A]和[D]；文中未提到Haughom的住处和工作地的距离，排除[C]。
13. 选[C]，观点态度题。文章在第二段末尾提到了European Community，既然将工作压力列在第二位，足以看出其对这一问题的重视，故选[C]。[A]的内容太过宽泛，不能準确体现欧盟的态度；文章重点谈论的是工作压力存在的普遍性和人们如何不愿谈论它，并未提到工作压力对人的生活的影响，排除[B]；含all, everything, everybody等这些绝对意义的辞彙的选项往往是错误的，本文只谈论了职业人群所面临的工作压力，排除[D]。
14. 选[C]，事实细节题。该题的解答可参考长难句过关2。中层经理有上级，有下级，这就是他们所面临的状况，故选[C]。文中提到dont have as much control as they used to是指高层经理，而不是中层，排除[A]；文章的意思是中层经理由于其所处的特殊位置而受到了巨大压力，而不是由于他们本身不能处理压力，排除[B]；第三段末句明确说明经理们真正需要的是休假，排除[D]。
15. 选[A]，推理判断题。该题的解答可参考长难句过关4。[A]项确切地道出了当前人们对谈论工作压力问题的忌讳，即taboo，且wont dare admit 也形象地描述了人们的心理，故选[A]。[B]项和[C]项都是对前一句话的字面理解；[D]项是对该句的字面理解。

Text 4
With its common interest in law-breaking but its immense range of subject matter and widelyvarying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, of shoot of the traditional novel.①
The detective story is probably the most respectable at any rate in the narrow sense of the word of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of University dons, literary economists, scientists or even poets. Fatalities may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends.② The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human and consistent as our less intimate associates. A story set in a more remote environment, African jungle, or Australian bush, ancient China or gas-lit London, appeals to our interest in geography or history, and most detective storywriters are conscientious in providing a reasonably authentic background. The elaborate, carefully assembled plot, despised by the modern intellectual critics and creators of significant novels, has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end.③ With the guilt of escapism from Real Life nagging gently, we secretly revel in the unmasking of evil by a vaguely super-human detective, who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspicion which has hovered so unjustly over the innocent.
Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and credible world. The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gasfilled cellars exhausts the reader far more than the hero, who, suffering from at least two broken ribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain with the physique of a wrestler.④ He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast to the detective tale, with a near-omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental. Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable elucidation of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail.⑤ All that we vainly hope for from life is granted in these stories.

1.immense a.①广阔的②巨大的：an immense territory广阔的领土/an immense improvement巨大的改进
2.legitimate a.①合法的②合理的vt.使合法：the perfectly legitimate procedure完全合法的程式/a quite legitimate conclusion非常合理的结论
3.disreputable a.声名狼藉的：a disreputable romantic adventure不光彩的艳遇
4.respectable a.①可敬的，有名望的②高尚的，值得尊敬的：a respectable teacher可敬的老师/ respectable appearance体面的外表
○同 respectful a.①尊敬的，尊重人的②有礼貌的：be respectful to sb.尊敬某人/ respectful silence礼貌地保持安静
○同 respect vt.①尊敬②尊重，重视：respect sb’s advice尊重某人的意见/with respect to关于
5.relaxation n.消遣，鬆弛：some relexation of the rules对规则的某些放鬆
○同 relax v.①放鬆，(使)鬆弛②放宽，缓和：relax one’s attention放鬆注意力
6.elaborate a.①精心计画的，详尽的②複杂的v.①详述②详细制订：elaborate plans详尽的计画/elaborate hairstyle複杂的髮型/elaborate on this theory详述这个理论
7.intimate a.亲密的vt.暗示，提示：be on intimate terms with sb.同某人关係密切/intimate one’s approval of a plan暗示同意某项计画
8.jungle n.①(热带)丛林，密林②乱七八糟的一堆：a jungle of welfare regulations纷繁的福利条例
9.detective n. ①侦探，私人侦探②发觉者，发现者，探索者：a book detective 淘汰书籍的能手
10.conscientious a. ①认真的，勤勤恳恳的②小心谨慎的：a diligent and conscientious teacher 勤劳尽职的老师/a conscientious piece of work 苦心做成的工作
○同 conscience n.良心：in (all /good)conscience凭良心，公平地/on one’s conscience引起某人悔恨(或内疚)的
11.authentic a.①真的，真正的②可靠的，可信的：an authentic antique 古董真品/an authentic news report 可靠的新闻报导
12.assemble v.①集合，聚集，召集②装配：assemble forces 调集兵力/assemble the parts of a watch装配表的零件
13.despise vt.鄙视，看不起：despise flattery鄙视吹捧
14.sprinkle v.撒，洒n.少量，少数：sprinkle water on the street 把水洒在街道上/a sprinkle of farmhouse 稀稀拉拉的几所农舍
15.vaguely ad.含糊地
○同 vague a.含糊的，不明确的，模糊的：a vague answer含糊其辞的回答/vague eyes无表情的眼神
16.hover vi.①(鸟等)翱翔，盘旋②逗留在近旁，徘徊③彷徨，犹豫：a hawl hovering about its prey 在猎物头顶上盘旋的一只鹰/The shy children hovered around their mother.这些害羞的孩子逗留在母亲身旁。/hover between life and death处于死亡边缘
17.superficially ad.表面上地，浅薄地：superficially kind表面上很仁慈
○同 superficial a.①表面的②肤浅的，浅薄的：a superficial resemblance表面上的相似/a superficial friend 交情很浅的朋友
18.ruthless a.①无情的，冷酷的，残忍的②坚决的，彻底的：a ruthless dictator残酷的独裁者/set off at a ruthless pace勇往直前
19.vicious a.①恶毒的，兇残的②剧烈的，严重的：a vicious political tool 邪恶的政治工具/a vicious headache 剧烈的头痛
20.resort n.①常去之地，胜地②求助(或凭藉)的对象，採用的手段(或办法)③求助，凭藉，诉诸vi.(to)求助，凭藉，诉诸：a holiday resort 度假胜地/an employer of first resort 首先提供就业机会的顾主/have resort to force 诉诸武力/resort to sb. for help向某人求助
21.score n.①许多，大量②刻痕，划痕③二十④分数vt.①得(分)②给(试卷等)打分，给...评分③刻痕于，划线于：scores of things 许多事情/scores of pain on sb.’s face 某人脸上痛苦的痕迹/score a splendid goal 进漂亮的一球而得分/score a test 给测验平分/score timber 在木材上划线
【超纲辞彙】
※1.elucidation n.说明，阐明
※2.herring n.青鱼，鲱
※3.imperturbable a.沉着的，冷静的
※4.omniscient n.无所不知者，[宗]上帝 a.无所不知的
※5.nag v.不断地唠叨，恼人
※6.don n. 教师
※7.fatality n.死亡
※8.revel v.陶醉
※9.villain n.坏人
※10.revolver n. 左轮手枪
※11.hangovern.遗留物，残余

16.The crime novel may be regarded as
[A] a quite respectable form of the conventional novel.
[B] not a true novel at all.
[C] related in some ways to the historical novel.
[D] an independent development of the novel.
17.The passage suggests that intellectuals write detective stories because
[A] the stories are often in fact very instructive.
[B] they enjoy writing these stories.
[C] the creation of these stories demands considerable intelligence.
[D] detective stories are an accepted branch of literature.
18.What feature of the detective story is said to disqualify it from respectful consideration by intellectual critics?
[A] The many seeming impossible events.
[B] The fact that the guilty are always found out and the innocent cleared.
[C] The existence of a neat closely-knit story.
[D] The lack of interest in genuine character revelations.
19.One of the most incredible characteristics of the hero of a thriller is
[A] his exciting life.
[B] his amazing toughness.
[C] his ability to escape from dangerous situation.
[D] the fact that he can defeat his enemies.
20.The detective story and the thriller are unlike in
[A] providing a sense of security.
[B] providing excitement and suspense.
[C] appealing to the intellectual curiosity of reader.
[D] ensuring that everything comes right in the end.

难 句 突 破
1.[With its common interest in lawbreaking but its immense range of subject matter and widelyvarying methods of treatment], the crime novel could make a legitimate claim {to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, of shoot of the traditional novel}.
複杂的简单句。本句的主干结构为：... the crime novel could make a ... claim to be regarded as ...；With its common interest...treatment 是介词短语作状语。or 连线两个as介词短语；even though a slightly disreputable 是插入语。
2.Fatalities may occur [more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society], but the world (in which they happen, {the village, seaside resort, college or studio}), is familiar to us, [if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends].
複合句。首先是由but连线的并列句，句子的主干结构是Fatalities may occur ..., but the world ... is familiar to us ...；其中more...than might be expected...是比较状语从句；in which they happen...studio是定语从句，修饰the world；the village, seaside resort, college or studio作the world的同位语，具体说明the world的内容；if not...experience作插入语。
3.The (elaborate, carefully assembled) plot, (despised by the modern intellectual critics and creators of significant novels), has found refuge [in the murder mystery], [with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end].
结构複杂的简单句。本句的主干结构为The ... plot ... has found refuge ...；despised by ...novels为过去分词短语，做后置定语修饰plot；the modern intellectual critics 和 creators of significant novels为并列结构，做by的宾语；its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with... at the end是介词with引导的并列结构。
4.The sequence (of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gasfilled cellars) exhausts the reader [far more than the hero……, (who, suffering from at least two broken ribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain with the physique of a wrestler)].
複合句。本句的主干为：the sequence...exhausts the reader far more than the hero...；who...a wrestler引导非限定性定语从句修饰hero，该从句中的suffering from... a hangover是分词短语作后置定语。
5.[Perhaps] we miss [in the thriller] the security (of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to final gathering of suspects) [when an unchallengeable elucidation of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail].
複合句。句子的主干结构是：we miss...the security of...；
of being safely led by...suspects介词短语作security的定语，解释说明security；when引导的状语从句的主干是：an ...elucidation...is given and justice and goodness prevail；red herring意思是“提出不相干的事实或论点，以分散对主题的注意力”，在这里译为“困扰”。

16.选[D]，事实细节题。第一段指出犯罪题材小说由于其本身特有的情节和写作风格，被认为是文学中一个独特的分支，或者是传统小说的一枝独特新芽，即犯罪题材小说在小说的分类中可以认为是自成一系，故答案选[D]。第一段最后一句指出，儘管有人对犯罪题材小说的评价不高，但至少可将其视为传统小说中的一枝独特新芽，也就是说它是小说，故[B]错误；文中没有提到此类小说与历史小说的相互关係，故[C]错误；[A]“传统小说中很受尊重的一种形式”表达内容与第一段不符。

17.选[B]，事实细节题。该题定位于第二段第二句“Its creation is often the relaxation of...”，该句的意思是“创作侦探小说是大学老师、精通文学的经济学家、科学家甚至诗人的一种消遣”，也就是说他们以写这类小说为乐。[B] 选项和此意吻合；其他选项和原文不符。
18.选[C]，事实细节题。第二段倒数第二句谈到侦探小说中那种精心安排的情节受到现代评论家和重要的小说创作者的鄙视。他们认为这类小说过于注重仔细编排情节，这与[C]表达的含义一致，故[C]为答案。[A]“许多看似不可能的事件”、[B]“真兇浮出水面、无辜的人得以澄清”、[D]“对真实人物的揭露缺乏兴趣”并非原文中提到的评论家对侦探小说评价不高的原因。
19.选[B]，事实细节题。最后一段第二句提到在惊险小说中，儘管英雄至少有两根肋骨被打断，一只眼睛被打得铁青，身上多处受伤，却还能够赤手空拳追击并制服暴徒，显示了英雄令人惊异的强壮。这是这类小说中有关英雄的描述令人难以置信的特点之一，故选 [B]。[A]表述太泛泛；[C]是英雄行为的表现之一，不是他的性格特徵；[D]也不属于性格特徵。
20.选[C]，事实细节题。第二段第一句指出，在犯罪题材小说系列中，侦探故事可能是最受推崇的；最后一段第一句提到，惊险小说描写的是充斥着暴力、令读者不舒服、不可信的世界，故答案应为[C]；这两种小说在[A]、[B]、[D]方面有相似之处，只有[C]是他们根本的区别。