在昂兹洛的建议下,设特别委员会审定斯隆收藏的价值,结果显示远远超过斯隆提出的2万英镑的出让费,大约至少值8万英镑。但财政大臣仍反对购买斯隆的收藏,理由是要购买的还有哈利(Robert Harley,1661-1724家族和柯顿(Sir Robert Bruce Cottoll,1571-1631)家族的图书、手稿和国家档案等的收藏。昂兹洛机智地立即抓住这句话,鼓励委员会就购买斯隆爵士收藏的同时,附带收购哈利、柯顿家族的收藏而向议会提出议案。为此,英国议会下院正式通过建立不列颠博物馆的《大英博物馆法》,并与1753年6月7日获得英王的批准。
提供大英博物馆网站提供的资料,更加準确详实。其中提到斯隆爵士的藏品数量,是说“His collection then amounted to more than 71,000objects. Chiefly natural history specimens, the collection also included 1,125 "things relating to the customs of ancient times or antiquities" and 23,000 coins and medals. There were also 50,000books, prints and manuscripts, together with a herbarium (acollection of dried plants).”——总数超过71000件,主要是自然历史标本,还包括“1125件与古代传统或古物有关的物品”和23000枚货币和徽章。还有5万件书籍、印刷品和手稿以及植物标本集。这个说法比上文要準确。
Sir Hans Sloane
Sir Hans Sloane (1660 -1753) was born in Killyleagh, Ireland in relatively modest circumstances. Inspired by a childhood interest in natural history, he studied medicine in London and France. It was said of him by William Stukeley, the antiquary, that he was "an instance of the great power of industry which can advance a man to a considerable height in the world's esteem with moderate parts & learning..."
His career as a collector really began when in 1687, as personal physician, he accompanied the new Governor, the Duke of Albermarle,to Jamaica. He collected some 800 species of plants and other live specimens to bring back to London. An account of his travels was published in 1707 and 1725.
On his return to London in 1689 Sloane set up a successful medicalpractice at his home in No. 3 Bloomsbury Place - coincidentallyjust along the street from the present Museum building. He had agood bedside manner and accumulated wealthy and aristocraticpatients, among them Queen Anne and Kings George I and II, but alsoparticipated in charitable work.
An innovative doctor, Sloane promoted inoculation againstsmallpox, the use of quinine (a treatment for malaria) and thehealth-giving properties of drinking chocolate mixed with milk. Hebecame President of the College of Physicians in 1719 and in 1727succeeded Sir Isaac Newton as President of the Royal Society.
In 1695 he married Elizabeth Langley, widow of Fulk Rose ofJamaica. They had two surviving daughters, Sarah who married GeorgeStanley of Paultons, Hampshire and Elizabeth who became LadyCadogan. He was created a Baronet in 1716.
He absorbed complete collections made by others, among themWilliam Charlton (Courten) (1642-1702) and James Petiver (d.1718)and also received objects from friends and patients. One wit calledhim "the foremost toyman of his time". As a result his collectionoutgrew the house at No. 3 Bloomsbury Place and he purchased No. 4as well.
In 1742 he moved with his collections to a manor house inChelsea. His time there is still commemorated by such place namesas 'Sloane Square' and 'Hans Crescent'.
Sloane died at the age of 93 in 1753 and was buried at ChelseaOld Church. His collection then amounted to more than 71,000objects. Chiefly natural history specimens, the collection alsoincluded 1,125 "things relating to the customs of ancient times orantiquities" and 23,000 coins and medals. There were also 50,000books, prints and manuscripts, together with a herbarium (acollection of dried plants).
A group of Trustees was appointed under the terms of his will tooversee the distribution of the collection which was left to KingGeorge II for the nation. Parliament intervened and Sloane'scollection was acquired on payment of £20,000 to his two daughtersand became the foundation of the British Museum.
补充书目
Arthur MacGregor(ed),《汉斯·斯隆爵士:收藏家,科学家,古物研究者》(Sir Hans Sloane: Collector, scientist, antiquary,伦敦,1994年)
E St John Brooks,《汉斯·斯隆爵士:大收藏家及其收藏》(The Great Collector and his Circle,伦敦,1954年)
Gavin R de Beer,《汉斯·斯隆爵士和大英博物馆》(Sir Hans Sloane and the British Museum,伦敦,1953年)